Sexual functioning more than 15 years after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy

Terra, L.; Beekman, M.J.; Engelhardt, E.G.; Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B.A.M.; Beurden, M. van; Lennep, J.E.R. van; ... ; Leeuwen, F.E. van (2023)

Article / Letter to editor

BACKGROUND: Women with a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant are advised to undergo premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy after completion of childbearing, to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer. Several studies reported less sexual pleasure 1 to 3 years after a pre-menopausal oophorectomy. However, the long-term effects of premeno-pausal oophorectomy on sexual functioning are unknown.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to study long-term sexual functioning in women at increased familial risk of breast or ovarian cancer who under-went a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy either before the age of 46 years (premenopausal group) or after the age of 54 years (postmenopausal group). Subgroup analyses were performed in the premenopausal group, comparing early (before the age of 41 years) and later (at ages 41-45 years) premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.STUDY DESIGN: Between 2018 and 2021, 817 women with a high familial risk of breast or ovarian cancer from an ongoing cohort study were invited to participate in our study. Because of a large difference in age in the study between the premenopausal and postmenopausal salpingo-oophorectomy groups, we restricted the comparison of sexual func-tioning between the groups to 368 women who were 60 to 70 years old at completion of the questionnaire (226 in the premenopausal group and 142 in the postmenopausal group). In 496 women with a premenopausal risk -reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, we compared the sexual functioning between women in the early premenopausal group (n=151) and women in the later premenopausal group (n=345). Differences between groups were analyzed using multiple regression analyses, adjusting for current age, breast cancer history, use of hormone replacement therapy, body mass index, chronic medication use (yes or no), and body image. RESULTS: Mean times since risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy were 20.6 years in the premenopausal group and 10.6 years in the postmenopausal group (P<.001). The mean age at questionnaire completion was 62.7 years in the premenopausal group, compared with 67.0 years in the postmenopausal group (P<.001). Compared with 48.9% of women in the postmenopausal group, 47.4% of women in the pre-menopausal group were still sexually active (P=.80). Current sexual pleasure scores were the same for women in the premenopausal group and women in the postmenopausal group (mean pleasure score, 8.6; P=.99). However, women in the premenopausal group more often re-ported substantial discomfort than women in the postmenopausal group (35.6% vs 20.9%; P=.04). After adjusting for confounders, premeno-pausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy was associated with sub-stantially more discomfort during sexual intercourse than postmenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-9.4). Moreover, after premenopausal risk-reducing sal-pingo-oophorectomy, more severe complaints of vaginal dryness were observed (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.7). Women with a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy before the age of 41 years reported similar pleasure and discomfort scores as women with a risk -reducing salpingo-oophorectomy between ages 41 and 45 years.CONCLUSION: More than 15 years after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, the proportion of sexually active women was com-parable with the proportion of sexually active women with a postmenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.However, after a premenopausal risk -reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, women experienced more vaginal dryness and more often had substantial sexual discomfort during sexual intercourse. This did not lead to less pleasure with sexual activity.

• BRCA1
• BRCA2
• BRCA pathogenic variants
• ovariectomy
• sexual discomfort
• sexual pleasure
• surgical menopause
• vaginal dryness

• All authors: Terra, L.; Beekman, M.J.; Engelhardt, E.G.; Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B.A.M.; Beurden, M. van; Lennep, J.E.R. van; Doorn, H.C. van; Hullu, J.A. de; Dorst, E.B.L. van; Mom, C.H.; Slangen, B.F.M.; Gaarenstroom, K.N.; Kolk, L.E. van der; Collée, J.M.; Wevers, M.R.; Ausems, M.G.E.M.; Engelen, K. van; Beek, I. van de; Berger, L.P.V.; Asperen, C.J. van; Garcia, E.B.G.; Maas, A.H.E.M.; Hooning, M.J.; Aaronson, N.K.; Mourits, M.J.E.; Leeuwen, F.E. van
• Date: 2023-03-29
• Journal: American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Volume: 228
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 440.e1 - 440.e20
• DOI: doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.1289
• Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937822021779?via%...