Broadening the spectrum of loss-of-function Variants in NPR-C-related extreme tall stature

Lauffer, P.; Boudin, E.; Kaay, D.C.M. van der; Koene, S.; Haeringen, A. van; Tellingen, V. van; Hul, W. van; Prickett, T.C.R.; Mortier, G.; Espiner, E.A.; Duyvenvoorde, H.A. van

doi:doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac019

Context: Natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C, encoded by NPR3) belongs to a family of cell membrane-integral proteins implicated in various physiological processes, including longitudinal bone growth. NPR-C acts as a clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides, including C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), that stimulate the cGMP-forming guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. Pathogenic variants in CNP, NPR2, and NPR3 may cause a tall stature phenotype associated with macrodactyly of the halluces and epiphyseal dysplasia. Objective: Here we report on a boy with 2 novel biallelic inactivating variants of NPR3. Methods: History and clinical characteristics were collected. Biochemical indices of natriuretic peptide clearance and in vitro cellular localization of NPR-C were studied to investigate causality of the identified variants. Results: We identified 2 novel compound heterozygous NPR3 variants c.943G>A p.(Ala315Thr) and c.1294A>T p.(Ile432Phe) in a boy with tall...Show moreContext: Natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C, encoded by NPR3) belongs to a family of cell membrane-integral proteins implicated in various physiological processes, including longitudinal bone growth. NPR-C acts as a clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides, including C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), that stimulate the cGMP-forming guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. Pathogenic variants in CNP, NPR2, and NPR3 may cause a tall stature phenotype associated with macrodactyly of the halluces and epiphyseal dysplasia. Objective: Here we report on a boy with 2 novel biallelic inactivating variants of NPR3. Methods: History and clinical characteristics were collected. Biochemical indices of natriuretic peptide clearance and in vitro cellular localization of NPR-C were studied to investigate causality of the identified variants. Results: We identified 2 novel compound heterozygous NPR3 variants c.943G>A p.(Ala315Thr) and c.1294A>T p.(Ile432Phe) in a boy with tall stature and macrodactyly of the halluces. In silico analysis indicated decreased stability of NPR-C, presumably resulting in increased degradation or trafficking defects. Compared to other patients with NPR-C loss-of-function, the phenotype seemed to be milder: pseudo-epiphyses in hands and feet were absent, biochemical features were less severe, and there was some co-localization of p.(Ile432Phe) NPR-C with the cell membrane, as opposed to complete cytoplasmic retention. Conclusion: With this report on a boy with tall stature and macrodactyly of the halluces we further broaden the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of NPR-C-related tall stature.Show less

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Broadening the spectrum of loss-of-function Variants in NPR-C-related extreme tall stature