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Zhang, S.; Sighem, A. van; Gras, L.; Reiss, P.; Smit, C.; Kroon, F.; ... ; Wolf, F. de (2010)

Clinical significance of transient HIV type-1 viraemia and treatment interruptions during suppressive antiretroviral treatment

Article / Letter to editor
Background: Transient episodes of HIV type-1 viraemia are frequently observed in patients on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We studied the effect of such episodes and of treatment interruptions on clinical outcome and immunological response. Methods: A total of 3,321 patients from the ATHENA cohort had virological suppression (HIV type-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) after 24 weeks of cART. The association between subsequent episodes of treatment interruptions, viral suppression, low-level (50-400 copies/ml) and high-level (>400 copies/ml) viraemia and the outcomes death, AIDS or immunological response (CD4(+) T-cell count increase >= 50% from 24 weeks) was studied with Poisson regression models, including either time-updated cumulative follow-up, time spent per type of episode or modelling episodes as binary status indicators. Results: During 11,165 person-years of follow-up, 88 patients died, 111 developed AIDS and 2,019 had an immunological response. Longer follow-up...Show moreBackground: Transient episodes of HIV type-1 viraemia are frequently observed in patients on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We studied the effect of such episodes and of treatment interruptions on clinical outcome and immunological response. Methods: A total of 3,321 patients from the ATHENA cohort had virological suppression (HIV type-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) after 24 weeks of cART. The association between subsequent episodes of treatment interruptions, viral suppression, low-level (50-400 copies/ml) and high-level (>400 copies/ml) viraemia and the outcomes death, AIDS or immunological response (CD4(+) T-cell count increase >= 50% from 24 weeks) was studied with Poisson regression models, including either time-updated cumulative follow-up, time spent per type of episode or modelling episodes as binary status indicators. Results: During 11,165 person-years of follow-up, 88 patients died, 111 developed AIDS and 2,019 had an immunological response. Longer follow-up time in treatment interruptions increased the risk of AIDS (relative risk [RR] 8.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.98-16.4 per year longer) and impaired immunological response (RR 0.22, 95%) CI 0.12-0.41). High-level viraemia was only associated with immunological response (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40-0.74), whereas low-level viraemia was not associated with any of the three outcomes. Status indicator models gave similar results. When also including time-updated CD4(+) T-cell counts, the observed associations diminished. Conclusions: Treatment interruptions and high-level, but not low-level, viraemia are strongly associated with clinical outcome, mainly via their effect on CD4(+) T-cell countsShow less
human-immunodeficiency-virus cd4(+) t-cells viral load intermittent viremia disease progression therapy aids infection blips consequences
All authors
Zhang, S.; Sighem, A. van; Gras, L.; Reiss, P.; Smit, C.; Kroon, F.; Jurriaans, S.; Prins, J.; Lange, J.; Wolf, F. de
Date
2010-12-31
Journal
Antiviral Therapy
Volume
15
Issue
4
Pages
555 - 562
DOI
doi:10.3851/IMP1564