Objectives: The integration of shared decision making (SDM) and patient-centered communication (PCC) is needed to actively involve patients in decision making. This study examined the relationship... Show moreObjectives: The integration of shared decision making (SDM) and patient-centered communication (PCC) is needed to actively involve patients in decision making. This study examined the relationship between shared decision making and patient-centered communication. Methods: In 82 videotaped hospital outpatient consultations by 41 medical specialists from 18 disciplines, we assessed the extent of shared decision making by the OPTION5 score and patient-centered communication by the Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS), and analyzed the occurrence of a high versus low degree (above or below median) of SDM and/or PCC, and its relation to patient satisfaction scores. Results: In comparison to earlier studies, we observed comparable 4HCS scores and relatively low OPTION5 scores. The correlation between the two was weak (r = 0.29, p = 0.009). In 38% of consultations, we observed a combination of high SDM and low PCC scores or vice versa. The combination of a high SDM and high PCC, which was observed in 23% of consultations, was associated with significantly higher patient satisfaction scores. Conclusion: Shared decision making and patient-centered communication are not synonymous and do not always co-exist. Practice implications: The value of integrated training of shared decision making and patient-centered communication should be further explored. Show less
This study addresses the nature and level of school student participation at various stages of participatory action research conducted by pre-service teachers (PSTs). PSTs’ research reports were... Show moreThis study addresses the nature and level of school student participation at various stages of participatory action research conducted by pre-service teachers (PSTs). PSTs’ research reports were analyzed by means of the SPinSTAR matrix, in which four levels of student participation were distinguished: Inform, Consult, Participate and Collaborate. Results show that student participation in PST research occurred mostly at the less intensive levels (Inform, Consult). Furthermore, they participated mostly in the preparatory stages of the research projects. However, most PSTs came to see their school students in a broader sense as worthwhile partners in an educational endeavor. Show less
Today, sponsorship relations are evolving to a partnership model where sponsor and sponsee are interacting during the preparation and execution in the shared interest of both parties, and where... Show moreToday, sponsorship relations are evolving to a partnership model where sponsor and sponsee are interacting during the preparation and execution in the shared interest of both parties, and where sponsors are also cooperating with each other. These partnership models often result in additional value for the partners, and include benefits for visitors of the sponsored event or for a wider set of stakeholders. Frameworks include models to assess the outcome of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, as well as Porter and Kramer's (2011, 2014, 2019) work on creating shared value (CSV). Applying the concepts not only extends our understanding of sponsorship outcomes but also offers new insights into the applicability of the CSV approach and contributes to current academic debates on both CSV and CSR (most prominently in a California Management Review discussion between Crane, Palazzo, Spence and Matten [2012, 2014] on the one hand, and Porter and Kramer [2014] on the other). CSV includes a shareholder perspective that resonates with sponsorship stakeholders, pays attention to outcomes on both sides of the partnership and also offers a way to assess and value outcomes that are external to the partnership, including aspects traditionally viewed through the lens of philanthropy and CSR. Show less
