Intraoperative Identification of a Normal Pituitary Gland and an Adenoma Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Low-Dose Indocyanine Green

Abstract

CONCLUSION: NIR fluorescence imaging can easily and safely be implemented in pituitary surgery. The timing of ICG administration is important for optimal results and warrants further study. It appears that injection of ICG can best be postponed until some part of the normal pituitary gland is identified. Subsequent repeated low-dose ICG administrations improved the distinction between adenoma and gland.

Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgeryImage-guided surgeryIndocyanine greenNear-infrared fluorescence imagingPituitary gland adenoma