The Origin of *s3 in the Ḥaḍramitic and Modern South Arabian Third Person Feminine Personal Pronouns
Abstract
The Modern South Arabian third person feminine pronouns show an unexpected reflex s for Proto-Semitic *s1. This s is argued to be the regular outcome of *s3 = *ts, which replaced *s1 = *s in these forms due to phonological reanalysis in constructions like *malkat sī’ ‘she is a queen’ → *malkat tsī’. In Ḥaḍramitic, these feminine pronouns also reflect *s3, but their relation to the Modern South Arabian forms remains unclear.

