Collective labour rights and collective labour relations of China
Abstract
The Chinese economy has undergone large-scale changes since the implementation of the
“reform and opening to the outside world” (gaige kaifang) policy in 1978. This
transformation is reflected in collective labour relations, which have evolved from an
environment of harmony between labour and employer during the command economy to conflict between these forces in the present socialist market economy. This situation has arisen as a result of the diversification of employer ownership in the course of the economic reforms. Marxist-Leninist arguments are no longer convincing for workers, especially those in the non-state economy who face particularly harsh working conditions. Following the wave of strikes in the summer of 2010, labour relations in China began to take on a more collective character. The increasing number of collective actions by workers is in tension with the labour law system, which was designed mainly to protect and to resolve labour issues involving individuals

