The portrayal of high-risk crimes in news media: a comparative study between the UK and Norway

Abstract

This comparative study examines the portrayal of people who have been involved in cases of high-risk crimes in the news media of the UK and Norway, evaluating the extent to which these portrayals reflect punitive or rehabilitative approaches. Given that media narratives can significantly impact public opinion and policy, the depiction of individuals who have been involved in high-risk crimes plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes towards their rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Drawing on Entman’s framing theory (1993), this research analyses 260 news articles published between 2023 and 2024 from various newspapers in both countries through qualitative content analysis, identifying two distinct frames: the “insane beast” and “people in need of help”. Although both frames appear in each country, their prominence differs. UK media predominantly employs the “insane beast” frame, characterized by sensationalized coverage, derogatory language, and victim centred narratives designed to elicit strong emotional responses. This framing reinforces negative stereotypes and may contribute to public demands for harsher penalties. Conversely, Norwegian media emphasizes the “people in need of help” frame, which prioritizes privacy, anonymity, and the potential for reintegration. Norwegian coverage often adopts a more evaluative tone, considering broader societal contexts and balancing the perspectives of both victims and individuals involved in high-risk crimes. The findings highlight key differences in media framing: UK media tends to foster a more punitive stance among the public, whereas Norwegian media promotes a more rehabilitative and inclusive outlook on individuals who have committed high-risk crimes. This study underscores the importance of responsible journalism in influencing attitudes and shaping policies within the criminal justice system.