The future of programme-level quality assessment: viable options for a mature quality assurance system

Abstract

Over the past three decades, higher education quality assurance systems in Europe and in several other regions have become increasingly mature. Consequently, external programme accreditation—once a dominant instrument—is now subject to growing criticism for being repetitive, costly and potentially undermining institutions’ own responsibility. Nevertheless, some stakeholders defend the need for external programme-level oversight. This article explores different instruments for monitoring study programmes for public accountability in a mature environment. Drawing from recent experiences across various European countries, the article identifies four conceptually distinct alternatives: self-accreditation, public ‘report cards’, thematic reviews and professional (voluntary) certification. The article assesses the strengths and weaknesses of these models and their potential to address public concerns. These alternatives are analysed through the lens of contemporary regulatory theory, which emphasises the importance of novel regulatory approaches for an increasingly complex, international, polycentric and dynamic environment.