Cooperación efectiva y jurisdicción sobre tráficos ilícitos en el Atlántico y el Mar Caribe = Effective cooperation and jurisdiction in relation to illicit trafficking in the Atlantic and Caribbean Sea

Abstract

How can countries prevent the Atlantic Ocean from becoming a zone of impunity for maritime drug trafficking?

This report offers a clear, practical analysis of the legal framework governing criminal jurisdiction in extraterritorial Atlantic waters in relation to maritime drug trafficking, with particular emphasis on the Caribbean and on cooperation between Latin America, the Caribbean and Europe. Its key elements include:

- How to address challenges such as stateless vessels, flags of convenience, gaps in the rules on the use of force, high logistical costs and shortcomings in judicial coordination - The main international instruments (UNCLOS 1982 and the 1988 Vienna Convention – Article 17) - Regional and bilateral agreements that strengthen operational cooperation - The strategic role of MAOC‑N, CARICOM IMPACS and successful experiences such as Operation Orion Understanding this legal framework is essential for effective international cooperation against transnational organised crime. The document demonstrates that: - Regulatory harmonisation reduces spaces of impunity - Mechanisms such as the shiprider model improve speed, effectiveness and legal certainty - Strengthened transatlantic judicial coordination is indispensable following high-seas operations