Switching from ligand to receptor anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibodies or vice versa in non-responders: a controlled cohort study

Abstract

Background and purpose: Limited options exist for migraine prevention after stopping anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies. A systematic review examining the benefits of switching between different classes (ligand vs. receptor monoclonal antibody) is essential, alongside well-designed real-world studies.MethodsIn this cohort study 67 patients were included, who discontinued their first treatment with erenumab or fremanezumab. Patients (n = 31) switched to another monoclonal antibody class within 3 months, whilst those in the control group (n = 36) received standard care. Allocation to either group relied largely on the availability of alternative monoclonal antibody treatments, introducing pseudo-random allocation. Changes in monthly migraine days were compared between groups 3 months post-discontinuation of the first monoclonal antibody or initiation of a different monoclonal antibody class. A multivariate regression model was conducted that accounted for potential confounding factors. Results: The groups were comparable at baseline and poor treatment response was the main reason for treatment discontinuation of the first monoclonal antibody. The switching cohort experienced a reduction of 3.9 monthly migraine days (95% confidence interval -6.4, -1.3, p = 0.004) compared with the control group.ConclusionTransitioning to a different anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal class yields reduction in monthly migraine days compared to returning to standard care for patients with inadequate initial treatment response.