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Anderson, C.; Scarborough, M.; Jocz, L.; Kümmel, M.J.; Jügel, T.; Irslinger, B.; ... ; Heggarty, P. (2025)

The Indo-European cognate relationships dataset

Article / Letter to editor
The Indo-European Cognate Relationships (IE-CoR) dataset is an open-access relational dataset showing how related, inherited words (‘cognates’) pattern across 160 languages of the Indo-European family. IE-CoR is intended as a benchmark dataset for computational research into the evolution of the Indo-European languages. It is structured around 170 reference meanings in core lexicon, and contains 25731 lexeme entries, analysed into 4981 cognate sets. Novel, dedicated structures are used to code all known cases of horizontal transfer. All 13 main documented clades of Indo-European, and their main subclades, are well represented. Time calibration data for each language are also included, as are relevant geographical and social metadata. Data collection was performed by an expert consortium of 89 linguists drawing on 355 cited sources. The dataset is extendable to further languages and meanings and follows the Cross-Linguistic Data Format (CLDF) protocols for linguistic data. It is...Show moreThe Indo-European Cognate Relationships (IE-CoR) dataset is an open-access relational dataset showing how related, inherited words (‘cognates’) pattern across 160 languages of the Indo-European family. IE-CoR is intended as a benchmark dataset for computational research into the evolution of the Indo-European languages. It is structured around 170 reference meanings in core lexicon, and contains 25731 lexeme entries, analysed into 4981 cognate sets. Novel, dedicated structures are used to code all known cases of horizontal transfer. All 13 main documented clades of Indo-European, and their main subclades, are well represented. Time calibration data for each language are also included, as are relevant geographical and social metadata. Data collection was performed by an expert consortium of 89 linguists drawing on 355 cited sources. The dataset is extendable to further languages and meanings and follows the Cross-Linguistic Data Format (CLDF) protocols for linguistic data. It is designed to be interoperable with other cross-linguistic datasets and catalogues, and provides a reference framework for similar initiatives for other language families.
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All authors
Anderson, C.; Scarborough, M.; Jocz, L.; Kümmel, M.J.; Jügel, T.; Irslinger, B.; Pooth, R.; Liljegren, H.; Strand, R.F.; Haig, G.; Geupel, U.; Macak, M.; Kim, R.I.; Anonby, E.; Pronk, T.C.; Belyaev, O.; Dewey-Findell, T.K.; Boutilier, M.; Freiberg, C.; Tegethoff, R.; Serangeli, M.; Stroński, K.; Falileyev, A.; Liosis, N.; Schulte, K.; Gupta, G.K.; Izadifar, R.; Markus, P.; Williams, N.; Loi, S.; Sims-Williams, N.; Findell, M.; Adibifar, S.; Abete, G.; Atanasov, P.; Baiwir, E.; Bastardas, M.-R.; Benkato, A.; Bevevino, L.S.; Buchi, É.; Cadorini, G.; Cathcart, C.; Cheveau, L.; Christodoulou, C.; Delorme, J.; Dworkin, S.N.; Ekici, D.; Farridnejad, S.; Gheitasi, M.; Hammarström, H.; Hewitt, S.; Khan, A.A.; Khan, M.K.; Khokhlova, L.; Kim, D.; Lewin, C.; Lushaj, B.; Mahmoudveysi, P.; Mahommadirad, M.; Mersch, S.; Mustafa, B.; Nemati, F.; Nourzaei, M.; Ó Muircheartaigh, P.; Oogjen, V.; Ourang, M.; Pagan, H.; Palmer, T.S.; Pepper, S.; Purandare, M.; Rehman, K.; Rhys, G.; Røyneland, U.; Sagar, M.Z.; Sandstedt, J.J.; Steensland, L.; Taheri-Ardali, M.; Talebi-Dastenaei, M.; Tittel, S.; Tresoldi, T.; Vaan, M. de; Verkerk, A.; Versloot, A.; Videsott, P.; Vuletić, N.; Widmer, M.; Zeini, A.; Bibiko, H.-J.; Runge, F.; Gray, R.D.; Heggarty, P.
Date
2025-09-02
Journal
Scientific Data
Volume
12
Advanced Publication
Yes
DOI
doi:10.1038/s41597-025-05445-3
Link
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05445-3