Chemical ecology of symbioses in cycads, an ancient plant lineage
Abstract
Cycads are an ancient lineage of gymnosperms that maintain a plethora of symbiotic associationsfrom across the tree of life. They have myriad morphological, structural, physiological, chemical,and behavioral adaptations that position them as a unique system to study the evolution,ecology, and mechanism of symbiosis. To this end, we have provided an overview of cycadsymbiosis biology covering insects, bacteria, and fungi, and discuss the most recent advances inthe underlying chemical ecology of these associations.

