The role of immune regulating factors in the development of vein graft atherosclerosis = De rol van immuun regulerende factoren in de ontwikkeling van vein graft atherosclerose

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to life-threatening conditions such as myocar- dial infarction and stroke. This thesis investigates the role of immune-regulating factors in atherosclerosis and vein graft disease, aiming to explore novel therapeutic strategies that modulate the immune response for improved vascular remodeling. Key findings include the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cardiovascular disease and the impact of T cell-mediated mechanisms on lesion stability, and the therapeutic potential of targeting the CD137 signaling pathway in vein graft remodeling. Additionally, this work highlights the influence of epigenetic regulation via PCAF on Regulatory T cell differentiation and atherosclerotic lesion progression, as well as the dual role of ALK1 signaling in vascular remodeling.

The second part of the thesis focuses on advancing imaging techniques for vascular remodeling, utilizing spectral photoacoustic imaging to provide detailed insights into tissue composition and lesion development. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of immune-driven vascular pathology and pave the way for innovative, targeted therapies in cardiovascular disease.