Personalized lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Various studies have shown that a healthy lifestyle can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and have beneficial effects on blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes, with weight loss, healthy eating, and physical activity playing a role. However, the effects of lifestyle interventions differ significantly between individuals. This is partly due to differences in lifestyle, preferences, genetic characteristics, and physiological responses among individuals. Personalized lifestyle interventions based on personal data led to better adherence to dietary advice and improvements in health, such as weight loss and body composition, in a healthy population. Also, lifestyle interventions work best for people who had a reduced health status. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease, with individuals differing in glucose metabolism, degree of insulin resistance, and disease progression. Personalized advice based on the diabetes pathophysiology, combined with behavior change support, could be more effective in improving glucose metabolism and achieving and maintaining weight loss than the standard primary care. Continuous glucose monitoring can help provide real-time feedback and optimize glucose levels in people with diabetes. Understanding and measuring individual responses to lifestyle interventions can make these interventions more effective.