Immune modulation by schistosomes : mechanisms of T helper 2 polarization and implications for metabolic disorders

Abstract

Nearly one quarter of the world__s population is infected with helminth parasites. A common feature of helminth infections is the manifestation of a type 2 immune response, characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) cells. In addition to their involvement in anti-helminth immunity, recent studies have shown that components of the type 2 immune responses can have additional functions. For example, recent evidence indicates that multiple facets of the type 2 immune response can regulate tissue-specific metabolic processes and whole-body nutrient homeostasis, and protect against insulin resistance. In this work we use omega-1, a glycosylated RNase excreted from Schistsoma mansoni eggs with strong Th2-inducing capacities, to study the requirements that equip DCs for Th2 skewing. In addition, we analyse the effect of chronic S. mansoni infection and administration of S. mansoni-derived egg antigens on metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Elucidating how helminths generate Th2 responses and contribute to metabolic homeostasis will not only shed light on the mechanisms that promote control of parasite infection, but may provide valuable leads for the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of metabolic disorders.